• Apa Dictionary of Psychology. {Assessed 15.05.2024}
• Abdel Maksoud, K. (2016). Social Worker Roles with Refugees. Egyptian Journal of Social Work, 1(1), 93-107.
• Aldamen, Y. (2023). Xenophobia and Hate Speech towards Refugees on Social Media: Reinforcing Causes, Negative Effects, Defense and Response Mechanisms against That Speech. New Media and Communication Department, School of Communication, Ibn Haldun University, Istanbul, Turkey.  [Assessed 28.5.24].
• Amnesty International. (2019). Refugees, Asylum seekers ani Migrants. More information
• Armstrong Legal. (n.d.). GROOMING.  [Assessed  28.5.24].
• Campbell, M. R., Mann, K. D., Moffatt, S., Dave, M., & Pearce, M. S. (2018). Social determinants of emotional well-being in new refugees in the UK. Public health, 164, 72-81.
• Center for Interactive Pedagogy, Save the Children North West Balkans. (2022) Parenting on the Move: Program for empowerment and promoting the development of competencies of parents of children up to 12 years of age, in situations of migrations and refugeehood. Notes to Go: A notebook with key learnings for parents. Save the Children North West Balkans. {Assessed 10.06.2024}
• Council of the European Union. (2023). Migration flows: Eastern, Central and Western routes. {Assessed 28.05.2024}
• Council of Europe. (2024). Refugees: some essential background.
• Council of Europe Portal. (n.d.). Hate Speech.  [Assessed  28.5.24].
• Council on Foreign Relations. (2019). Hate Speech on Social Media: Global Comparisons. [Assessed 28.5.24].
• COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences. Official Journal of the European Union.  {Assessed 18.05.2024}
• COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2003/86/EC of 22 September 2003 on the right to family reunification. Official Journal of the European Union. {Assessed 20.05.2024}
• CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. {Assessed 22.05.2024}
• DIRECTIVE 2011/95/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 13 December 2011 on standards for the qualification of third-country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection, for a uniform status for refugees or persons eligible for subsidiary protection, and the content of the protection granted. Official Journal of the European Union. {Assessed 22.05.2024}
• DIRECTIVE 2013/33/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 June 2013 laying down standards for the reception of applicants for international protection (recast). Official Journal of the European Union. {Assessed 01.06.2024}
• Domagoj, H. (2023). Integration of migrants and refugees: benefits for all parties Involved. Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons, Doc. 15785
• Doyle, K. (2017). Promoting best practices to prevent racism and xenophobia towards forced migrants through community building. Europe_I GET YOU. [Assessed 28.5.24].
• EIM EIM. (n.d.). WARNING ABOUT MIGRATION SCAMS.  [Assessed 10.6.24].
• (n.d.). STRUCTURAL RACISM. [Assessed 10.6.24].
• EUR-Lex. (2014). Framework Decision on combating certain forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by means of criminal law. [Assessed 28.5.24].
• European Commission (2023). EMN Conference: Presentation of the 2022 EMN Annual Report on Asylum and Migration. [Assessed 27.5.24].
• European Commission. (n.d.). What is gender-based violence? [Assessed 10.6.24].
• European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA). (n.d.). Thematic focus: Gender-based violence. [Assessed 27.5.24].
• (2025). Trafficking in human beings statistics. [Assessed 27.5.24].
• European Commission, (2015). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. European action program on migration. Brussels.
• European Parliament. (2024). Exploring the causes of migration: Why do people migrate?.
• European Parliament. (2011). Report on migratory flows by instability: scope and role of EU foreign policy.
• European Council of Europe 05 June 2023. {Assessed 20.05.2024}
• European Center for the Development of Vocational Training. (2024).   {Assessed 17.05.2024}
• Global Protection Cluster. (n.d.). Global Protection Risks. Forced Recruitment and Association of Children in Armed Forces and Groups. [Assessed 10.6.24].
• Helbling, M. and Meierrieks, D. (2022). “Terrorism and Migration: An Overview”. British Journal of Political Science, 52, 977–996. doi:10.1017/S0007123420000587.
• ILO and UN Women. Asia and the Pacific. (2021). Risks of Violence against Women in the Labour Migration Cycle and Services that Need to be in Place throughout the Migration Cycle. [Assessed 27.5.24].
• International Labour Organization (ILO), Walk Free, and International Organization for Migration (IOM). (2022). Global Estimates of Modern Slavery: Forced Labour and Forced Marriage. [Assessed 9.6.24].
• International Labour Organization (ILO). (2016). ILO STANDARDS ON FORCED LABOUR. THE NEW PROTOCOL AND RECOMMENDATION AT A GLANCE. [Assessed 9.6.24].
• International Labour Organization (ILO). (n.d.a). Forced labour, modern slavery and human trafficking. [Assessed 28.5.24].
• International Labour Organization (ILO). (n.d.b). Data and research on forced labour. [Assessed 28.5.24].
• UN Migration. (nd). Trafficking in Persons in Contexts in Crisis (video). [Assessed 27.5.24].
• International Organization for Migration (IOM) – The UN Migration Agency, World Migration Report 2018, Geneva 2017,  (Assessed : 15.06.2024).
• IOM (2021). 7 recommendations to promote the inclusion of migrants in host communities through social and cultural activities. {Assessed 10.06.2024}
• IOM (2022). World Migration Report. {Assessed 28.05.2024}
• (2024). Address and reduce vulnerabilities in migration.
• Kasimatis, E., & Panagiotopoulou, R. (2018). Migration and refugee issue in Greece in 2015-2017: issues of integration and social acceptance. The Athens Jean Monnet Papers. Athens: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.
• Lee, E. (1966). A theory of migration. Demography, 3(1), 47-57
• Nierop, P., Schönenberg, L. and Terziev, P. (2021). Counteracting undeclared work and labour exploitation of third country national workers. [Assessed 27.5.24].
• NSPCC Learning. (n.d.). Grooming: recognising the signs. [Assessed 28.5.24].
• Pauwelyn, L. (2023). Migrants and Refugees: Responding to Racism, Discrimination and Xenophobia. [Assessed 28.5.24].
• Right to Remain. (n.d.). The Right to Remain Toolkit A guide to the UK immigration and asylum system. [Assessed 27.5.24].
• Refugee Studies Centre. (2016). Destination: Europe, plus a range of articles on other aspects of forced migration. Forced Migration Review No. 51. More information
• Szkurłat,i., (2019) Migration as a Threat to International Security Security Dimensions: International and National Studies, no. 32, pp. 64–79, DOI 10.5604/01.3001.0014.098.  [Assessed 14.6.24].
• Tsaknakis, N. (2016). The Trauma in the Soul of Refugee Children.
• UNHCR. {Assessed 01.06.2024}
• United Nations. (2017). Principles and practical guidance on the protection of the human rights of migrants in vulnerable situations. Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.
• UNHCR, Global Report. (2015).
• UNHCR & IDC. (2016). Vulnerability Screening Tool. Identifying and addressing vulnerability: a tool for asylum and migration systems.
• (2016). The 10-Point Plan in Action, 2016 Update, Chapter 5: Mechanisms for Screening and Referral.
• (2017). IOM International Dialogue on Migration Panel 2: Identifying migrant vulnerabilities – structural and situational factors of vulnerability.
• (2017). Migrants in vulnerable situations. UNHCR’s perspective.
• (2018). DESPERATE JOURNEYS Refugees and migrants arriving in Europe and at Europe’s borders JANUARY – DECEMBER 2018.
• (2019). European States urged to do more to protect and support child refugees and migrants.
• S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. (2017). “Human Trafficking vs Human Smuggling”. The Corner stone Report”, Vol. XIII No.1. [Assessed 12.6.24].
• (2019). Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees. [Assessed 27.5.24].
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2017). Handbook on Children Recruited and Exploited by Terrorist and Violent Extremist Groups: The Role of the Justice System. [Assessed 10.6.24].
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2022). Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2022. United Nations publication, Sales no.: E.23.IV.1. [Assessed 27.5.24].
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (n.d.a). HUMAN TRAFFICKING? FAQs. [Assessed 27.5.24].
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (n.d.b). Human Trafficking in Persons and Migrant Smuggling.  [Assessed 27.5.24].
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (n.d.c). The crime of trafficking in persons. [Assessed 27.5.24].
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (n.d.d). Teaching Module Series Trafficking in Persons & Smuggling of Migrants. A Teaching Guide for Lecturers Using the UNODC.  [Assessed 9.6.24].
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (n.d.e). Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling.  [Assessed 12.6.24].
• United Nations. (2000a). PROTOCOL AGAINST THE SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS BY LAND, SEA AND AIR, SUPPLEMENTING THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME. [Assessed 12.6.24].
• United Nations. (2000b). Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. [Assessed 12.6.24].
• Ventevogel, P., Strang, A., Gagliato, M., Hansen. , (2015). Mental health and psychosocial support for refugees, asylum seekers and migrants on the move in Europe. INTER-AGENCY GUIDANCE NOTE.
• Zubčevič, R. A., Bender, S. and Vojvodić, J. (2017). MEDIA REGULATORY AUTHORITIES AND HATE SPEECH (sec. ed.). [Assessed 27.5.24].

Web sites :

• European Commission
• European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA)
• International Labour Organization (ILO)
• International Organization for Migration (IOM)
• United Nations
• UNODC

Videos:

• (2022). RACISM IN UKRAINE AND AT EU BORDERS, BWALYA, #BLM DANMARK.
• FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION. CONSUMER ADVICE. (n.d.). Scams Against Immigrants.
• International Organization for Migration (IOM). (n.d.). What is Hate Speech? – 1 Minute about Migration. [Assessed 29.5.24].
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2019). Introducing Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants. [Assessed 10.6.24].